Culture And Globalisation At Wal Mart Management Essay

Culture And Globalisation At Wal Mart Management Essay Culture matters because globalisation creates one of the most important achievements in todays world. The global market provides tremendous opportunity for businesses moving all around the world. Understanding cultural difference will only increase the success of companies going aboard. Global companies enter a worlds with different currencies and behavior norms. The workforce become diverse to due to changes made to global company going abroad, which natural creates challenges when setting up business in a new country. Many companies are global; therefore cultural understanding is a key part to a successful business globalization provides better opportunities to company investing in a new market. The internationalisation of business has exposed firms to large range of norms for doing business; therefore they need to determine value assumption. This essay will show how Wal-Mart the largest retail chain details with cultural difference when opening its doors to Japan Market. Wal-Mart cannot directly transfer its corporate culture of low-cost, high -bulk model, hugely successful in US, to Japan. Wal-Mart is moving into a complete new market, they must enter the market as a blank canvas. Roger Mark clear state in order to have global success, its no longer enough to have a hot new product that will save time, or a novel idea that could revolutionize an industry. You also need to understand the cultural values, behaviour styles, negotiating techniques and business practices of the country where you are doing business. Wal-Mart and Japan have different habits. Wal-Mart is moving more to cut middleman and forcing stores to remain open for 24 hours. The Japanese culture is based more on fresh produce and in high demand for perishable goods rather processed food. They are known for the high demand of quality good and high income. Wal-Mart is trying to force their low cost high bulk and badly quality product on the Japanese market. The company must wonder if their own c orporate culture is enough to solve the problems with diverse cultures. If the company itself does not understand the cultural differences it faces can it reap the benefits? Culture is comprised of both value and norms. Culture is a social interest which clearly identifies people interest, thoughts and behaviours. In order for Wal-Mart to survive they must manage cultural diversity because this is in many stages of the internationalization of the business and in all form of the market entry. Wal-Mart is more based on Ethnocentrism rather than Polycentrism. When entering a new market the business needs to adapt to the specific taste of local people. Wal-Mart cannot deliver the same layout of stores throughout the world, they must adapt to culture. According to Kurt Barnard It was a dumb thing for Wal-Mart to do, By not understanding cross-cultural influences and not changing the format of their stores to fit cultural differences, Wal-Mart will be unable to compete in foreign markets. Even fast franchise McDonald learned their lesson in Indian. Now a day McDonalds has localize in products to for reason of taste and to reference of the local culture therefore creating regional flavors for particular ma rkets. If the statement by Kurt Barnard is true Wal-Mart did not have a chance in Japan. Wal-Mart needs to learn new ways of doing business overseas. If we consider the Japanese culture we can clearly see that there living space is much smaller than average American house, therefore high-bulk model will not relate to them. Wal-Mart must understand their behaviour first in order to respect the local culture of Japan. What to Japanese consider normal or better as to product and quality? Once Wal-Mart determines this can use the information to better sales campaigns and business interactions instead of using one approach that they believe works everywhere. The firm must determine the countries norms therefore must have cross- cultural awareness between the Japanese and American culture. Wal-Mart needs to determine japan culture norms and values. Japanese culture is based on community, family and being part of large group. Why has Wal-Mart failed in the Japanese Market first time because it has treated the japan market the same as everywhere else. Global companies need to know that half of business performs acquisition fail because they do not input measures that deal with cultural differences. Wal-Mart acquired a Japanese business. This should of allowed them understand the culture compare to its competitors like Carrefour who learn the hard way. Companies must require the knowledge of the local culture and the way of doing things. One of issues Wal-Mart faced was language barriers in Japan. Wal-Mart is using English-speaking executives to run a retail operation that heavily depends on a detailed understanding of domestic culture. Global company must understand that languages can influence the business in so many ways. Language is the most important aspect to the bu siness success because this should unlock local societies. Wal-Mart knew fully well when entering markets like Japan through acquisition brings together employees from Seiyu with employees from Wal-Mart who speak different languages should have adopted a language that can be related to local people. Ideally the international managers in Wal-Mart should be Bi-multilingual. Most American firms tend to slow down their English rather than study the language of Japan The American companies that have succeeded in Japan have done so by using Japanese executives and allowing a significant amount of autonomy. Wal-Mart however seems to be making the same mistake it did in Germany, relying too much on American executives, and not enough on local control. We can clearly see that all Global Companies are faced with many problems which range from language, pricing and culture collisions because cultural differences shape the use and interpretation of words. Edward hall drew a useful distinction b etween low and high context cultures. Many Asian countries are seen as high cost cultures. Business need to be aware that problems will natural arises when high and low cost culture businesses get together. The model is useful in understanding why different cultures might communicate differently because High context south Asian culture companies differ so widely from their low -culture western cultures. When companies go global their main objective should be to handle any difficulties face with culture because once mistakes are made they are hard to fix. This will only destroy the global company operation in the host country. All corporation must have multicultural awareness is a vital to a successful business you must know particular industry you are entering. If you do not do this the success of the business is slim. Wal-Mart must localize and do things the Japanese way by encouraging local branch decision making, building local supplier contracts and using local promotion schemes on the other hand Wal-Mart was more focus on doing things the American Way. Wal-Mart did not consider the taste of Japanese people. National culture has a powerful influence on peoples interpretations, understandings, and assessments of those with whom they work-Cultural values can affect decision making, managerial style, interpersonal trust, teamwork, and the role of women in the workplace, among other issues. In order to have successful entry Wal-Mart needed to collect correct and accurate information. Managers in Wal-Mart should undertake An intercultural training course such as Managing International Teams or Managing International Mergers and Acquisitions will give international managers involved in a merger or acquisition the insights they need to develop an effective working culture that plays to the strengths of their multicultural teams and maximises the cultural benefits of their companys acquisition. Japanese Culture is completely different to the Wal-Mart American culture. Hofstede clearly shows the differences between the American and Japanese culture. Cultural dimensions can provide details allowing global companies to deliver the best cultural system with a great outcome. Hofstedes cultural dimensions clearly layout the cultural difference of countries or societies. Wal-Mart adopted a management style that did not sit well with the Japanese people. Wal-Mart persuaded Seiyus management in 2004 to dismiss 25% of headquarters staff, including 1,500 employees and managers. That kind of mass firing happens rarely in Japan, which places a premium on social harmony. And when the firing is done at the behest of foreigners, it takes on added negative connotations. Geert Hofstede (1984) clearly stated that culture is the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one human group from another.Hofstede research show how national culture can also affect the work force in an organisation. Wal-Mart did not use the Greenfield Investment, which involved entering a country without a partner from the host country. Wal-Mart did the opposite so it should be fully aware of the effect of the Japanese culture. It is up to the managers in corporation to understand culture. Hofstede finding looks for sub cultural and regional differences, industry differences and differences arising from the organisational culture .Power distances with means people will accept unequal distribution of powers. In the Case of Wal-Mart you can see that it is more homogeneous compare to Japan, therefore they need to give more power to local managers and their supplier-network. Americans do not accept power distances. Japanese hold harmony as a social ideal, patience as a personal virtue, and hierarchy as an essential organizing principle. Americans, in contrast, hold freedom as a social ideal, action-orientation as a personal virtue, and equality as a fundamental organizing principle. Even though this model does not present detail analyses of individual cultures. It does show you where each country fits. These are challenges many managers will face in today global markets because not managing culture effectively can stop growth as well as production. We have seen that the Hostede model such as individualism versus collectivism and feminity versus masculinity help categorize as well as identify cultural differences. If we take individualism versus collectivism you will know that Americans or more independent and have self -determination compare to Japan where the workforce work in groups. The use of the concepts of cultural dimensions such as those of Hostede and Trompanear provides the means to construct cultural clusters of countries or subcultures within and across countries. These cluster can be used to identify areas which need development in order to reduce problems caused by cultural differences .For example advertise can use this model make ads relative for certain cultural dimensions. Wal-Mart need this because once Seiyu was taken over it became a whole new store. Yes Wal-Mart provided low cost products but the high quality products that Japanese are use too disappeared. The bad thing about these models is they assume that culture does not change and the develop serotypes and it is most base on the management of the company. Wal-Mart can also determine how difference their culture compare to Japanese. This model shows the comparison between national cultures. In order to produce success using these theories Wal-Mart must show consideration and care in dealing with cultural differences both inside and outside the organisation. Japanese people are willing to pay top price for goods of high quality. Wal-Mart should ensure that their global company service as well as product meets the standards of the people living there. Care must also take place managers relationship between the home and host country in terms of working pr actices. Firms need to be sensitive to culture because if they dont it can cause failed joint ventures as well as misunderstandings, there cultural difference need to respected across borders. Employees in the organisation must be aware norms and the general customs when entering the host country is a must. Businesses need to understand the impact that cultural differences have on the career progression of their employees and on communication and decision-making, Firms can solve the problems of cultural difference by engaging in cross- cultural training. Some researchers have stated that Wal-Mart is way behind the knowledge of the locals taste. One of the reasons that failed Wal-Mart internationally is when it attempt to transport the companys unique culture and retailing concept to each new country. Gilman (2004) asserts that in Wal-Mart overseas expansion, it has been trying hard to launch the supercenter concept, therefore the corporate culture does not match the national culture . In this essay we have seen that internationalisation of a business have expose the business to different norms when crossing cultural borders because the more firms move away and enter new market. A comparison between National cultures is important. We have seen the clash in the national cultures between countries as well as the corporate culture. We can clearly see that how culture play as important role in success of a global company. The theory clearly compare how companies like Wal-Mart tries to impose the same norms on all it foreign markets. The approaches to solving cultural differences clearly assume that firms will be given advantage. Cultural should be the heart of the organisation because we can clearly see that it determine the success or failure of the firm. It is up to the employees in the organisation who exist within the corporate culture to understand the outside environment culture because we must see culture as ever changing. In order to solve the problem with cult ure we must learn to adapt. The company needs strategy development to in order to overcome the hurdles caused by cultural differences. We can clearly see that every country and region have their own culture, therefore global companies must have a good understanding. Culture is clearly the way of live for people it is only natural that companies leave their ethnocentric culture which the basically see own their culture rather than the Polycentric culture. This creates conflict as we seen in both corporate cultures as well as national culture. In order to over such problem global companies need to acknowledge the diverse culture around them. No more assumption and judgment because people learn culture through what they are taught. It is only natural for global companies to put in effect strategies allowing them to adapt to the cultural changes. If we take the company Coca Cola strategy which change the sweetest of their soda to meet the consumers taste buds in different countries. The y did not neglect the needs of the local people; therefore have full respect of their culture and history. We have seen how cultural theories like Hofstede can allow global companies to take into consideration the cultural cluster that effect society but the problem with this theory is more based on how the organisation can improve culture difference inside the global company rather than environment outside the organisation. Even though there are cultural differences inside the company you can still relate this to natural culture.

Lab Report: Osmosis Essay -- essays research papers

Aim The aim of this experiment is to investigate the effects of different concentrations of sugar solutions on the rate of osmosis in plant cells. Equipment 5mm borer Knife White Tile Potatoes Beakers Measuring cylinder Stopwatch Sugar solutions Paper towels Balance Pipette Scientific knowledge Osmosis Osmosis is the movement of water particles from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration across a selectively permeable membrane. Cell in pure water The cell membranes of all plants are semi-permeable. Cell sap in the vacuole of a plant cell is a strongly concentrated solution consisting of mainly glucose and sugars. When a plant cell is placed into pure water, water is drawn in by osmosis. This is because there is a higher concentration of water surrounding the cell then inside the cell. This dilutes the plant cell and makes it swell. At the same time, the sugar solution leaves the cell and diffusion occurs. This usually results in equilibrium. When the plant cell is full of water, the weight increases and we say that it is turgid. The cell wall prevents the cell from bursting. Cell in a strong sugar solution When a plant cell is placed in a strong sugar solution, there is more water in the cell then in the surrounding solution, so water is drawn out by osmosis. This makes the cell decrease in weight and it becomes flaccid... ... sure that on my behalf, my results are accurate. I took two sets of results and I used a small measuring cylinder with  ±0.2 cm3 of human error, which is very small. Also when measuring I put the cylinder on a flat surface and read from the meniscus. To transfer the sugar solutions I used a pipette to transfer liquid accurately. I kept the variables, such as temperature and volume of sugar solution the same each time to make my test fair. I could extend this coursework by experimenting with surface area and size by using different sized borers and lengths. I could also see how the rate of osmosis is different when using a synthetic potato cell, such as visking tubing. I could also use different sugars, such as glucose and fructose and see how the rate of osmosis changes. I could experiment with different types of potatoes and the altered rate of osmosis in them. Lab Report: Osmosis Essay -- essays research papers Aim The aim of this experiment is to investigate the effects of different concentrations of sugar solutions on the rate of osmosis in plant cells. Equipment 5mm borer Knife White Tile Potatoes Beakers Measuring cylinder Stopwatch Sugar solutions Paper towels Balance Pipette Scientific knowledge Osmosis Osmosis is the movement of water particles from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration across a selectively permeable membrane. Cell in pure water The cell membranes of all plants are semi-permeable. Cell sap in the vacuole of a plant cell is a strongly concentrated solution consisting of mainly glucose and sugars. When a plant cell is placed into pure water, water is drawn in by osmosis. This is because there is a higher concentration of water surrounding the cell then inside the cell. This dilutes the plant cell and makes it swell. At the same time, the sugar solution leaves the cell and diffusion occurs. This usually results in equilibrium. When the plant cell is full of water, the weight increases and we say that it is turgid. The cell wall prevents the cell from bursting. Cell in a strong sugar solution When a plant cell is placed in a strong sugar solution, there is more water in the cell then in the surrounding solution, so water is drawn out by osmosis. This makes the cell decrease in weight and it becomes flaccid... ... sure that on my behalf, my results are accurate. I took two sets of results and I used a small measuring cylinder with  ±0.2 cm3 of human error, which is very small. Also when measuring I put the cylinder on a flat surface and read from the meniscus. To transfer the sugar solutions I used a pipette to transfer liquid accurately. I kept the variables, such as temperature and volume of sugar solution the same each time to make my test fair. I could extend this coursework by experimenting with surface area and size by using different sized borers and lengths. I could also see how the rate of osmosis is different when using a synthetic potato cell, such as visking tubing. I could also use different sugars, such as glucose and fructose and see how the rate of osmosis changes. I could experiment with different types of potatoes and the altered rate of osmosis in them.

Anne Bradstreet Essay -- essays papers

Anne Bradstreet Anne Bradstreet was a woman in conflict. She was a Puritan wife and a poet. There is a conflict between Puritan theology and her own personal feelings on life. Many of her poems reveal her eternal conflict regarding her emotions and the beliefs of her religion. The two often stood in direct opposition to each other. Her Puritan faith demanded that she seek salvation and the promises of Heaven. However, Bradstreet felt more strongly about her life on Earth. She was very. She was very attached to her family and community. Bradstreet loved her life and the Earth. There are several poems of Bradstreet that demonstrate this conflict. There is â€Å"Upon the Burning of Our House July 10th, 1666† and the ones written on the deaths of her grandchildren. These are both examples of her feelings about life on Earth and her religious beliefs. In the critical essay of Robert D. Richardson Jr., he examines the poem â€Å"Upon the Burning of Our House† from a conventional Puritan point of view, â€Å"an exercise in finding the hand of God behind every apparent disaster. Yet, the poem moves back and forth from the human level to the divine, and it is not impossible to argue that the human level – fear of fire, the sense of loss is what genuinely moves the poet, while her submission to the will of God is somewhat forced acknowledgment of an arrangement that is not really satisfactory.†(105) And when I could no longer look, I blest his Name that gone and took, That layd my goods now in the dust: Yea so it was, and twas just. It was his own: It was not mine; Far be it that I should repine. (311) These lines of submission are clipped and measured, grimly singsong: they sound forced when placed alongside the following lines which emphasize personal loss. (Richardson 105)Here stood that Trunk, and there that chest There lay that store I counted best: My pleasant things in ashes lye. Anne uses the proper application, interpreting the event as a warning, and as an injunction to look toward the â€Å"house on high erect.† But the vacillation in the poem suggests that the sense of loss outweighs, at least at times, the potential comfort promised by Puritan theology. (Richardson 106) In the critical essay by Ann Standford, â€Å"Anne Bradstreet Dogmatist and Rebel,† she tells us that Anne Bradstreet â€Å"comforts herself with good Pur... ... she used her poetry. She was able to do this in a subtle way. Yet she expressed her feelings and her questioning about Puritan theology. Were her conflicts ever fully quieted within her? There is some evidence that towards the end of her life she was able to accept her fate. Anne Bradstreet died on September 16, 1672 at the age of sixty. She was very ill in the last months of her life. Her works reflect the tension and conflict of a woman struggling for artistic expression. She was troubled by religious doubts throughout her life yet managed to be a successful mother and wife. Her belief in the beauty of this world helped her maintain a belief in a heaven. Bibliography: Martin,Wendy. An American Triptych. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1984. Richardson Jr., Robert D. â€Å"The Puritan Poetry of Anne Bradstreet† Critical Essays on Anne Bradstreet. Ed Pattie Cowell and Ann Stanford. Boston: Hall 1983. 101 – 115. Stanford, Ann. â€Å"Anne Bradstreet Dogmatist and Rebel† Critical Essays on Anne Bradstreet. Ed Pattie Cowell and Ann Stanford. Boston: Hall 1983. 76 – 88.

The Tragedy of William Shakespeares Hamlet Essay -- Tragedy William S

The Tragedy of William Shakespeare's Hamlet It seems that in this merciless mourning, I have opened a tomb. And though my sight be of seeing, it is not as it once was. For what I see is not with thine own eyes. It is as death appears to those awake. A coldness, an emptiness, that I cannot forsake. Hope Saphos DeVenuto A melody in literature is a language that Shakespeare uses freely in Hamlet with infinite variety. The imagery relates to us to create to the senses a realization of what is occurring as well as to kindle our responses. There are many interesting characters with invaluable opinions, a labyrinth of lines convoluting and mystifying, along with dramatic sarcasm. It is very effective in drawing the attention to certain characters that the audience will need to see more than others. If we really lend an ear to Hamlet's every word, we are drawn into an inward greatness of his spirit. Shakespeare created Hamlet as a highly intellectual being that can see through everything and everyone. To see clearly through a stone is to see the profundity of truth. Then ...

Reflection Paper – Wagner Self Concept

What is Self-concept? According to Wagner, self-concept is that image or mental picture of our invisible self, a feeling of being a person, sense of somebody or of being nobody (p. 5). There are three functional aspects of self concept: appearance, performance and status. It is noteworthy that our feeling of identity of being somebody is derived from feelings when rated by others (p. 13). I could identify with these three aspects of self-concept. Several years ago, when I left my job to be a stay home mum, I struggled with redefining my self-concept.What am I? Why is Self-concept important? While I subsequently found my significance in Christ, I am further enlightened by Wagner’s discussion on of self-concept and its importance. An adequate self-concept is a precious possession that enable one live a useful and productive life, he is emotionally secure and functions from inner resources in a crisis. He accepts his appearance and views his shortcomings as problems to be overcom e and not judge himself as a bad person. He functions because he knows he is and not always trying to become.A person with inadequate self-concept tends to focus his energy and efforts to establish his self-identity, to measure up, his mind is divided into coping with his rectifying this inadequacy and normal living (p. x, 15) What Make Up Self-concept? Wagner paints a picture depicting the cycle of how inadequate self-concept is developed. The feelings of belonging, worthiness and competence form the essential elements of self-concept, they blended together like musical chords (p. 17). When one’s sense of being somebody is threatened, he reacts negatively with hostility, guilt or fear.When he tries to force the situation to change through his hostility, he loses his sense of belonging. When he forces himself to change because he is feeling guilty, he compromises his worthiness. In fear or anxiety tries to protect himself from the threat, his competence is lost. The elements of self-concept are all weakened and emotional insecurity increases and these negatives reactions block empathy and he cannot sense love or show love. Therefore in attempting to correct the threat, his hostility, guilt and fears interfere with the remedy (p. 28).This is very illuminating to me, it enables me to have a good understanding of the causes and effects of emotions in self-concept, which is so crucial if I will be a counselor in future. How did Self-concept come from? Wagner believed that one’s self-concept is accumulated from memories from the day he is born, from basic need of feeding, teething and toilet training and later discipline. The needs and emotions of these growing up activities all affected his emotions of belonging, worthiness, and competence and ultimately his sense of being somebody or nobody.If he is raised with love and correct discipline, these beneficial influences will develop in good self-concept. However if his critical emotional needs are not met, the child is often angry and manipulative of his parents and parental love is given conditional on his performance, the child will develop an inadequate self-concept. While I am no expert in this area, I had some reservations about this. Childhood experiences while important cannot be the sole contributory factor in development of self-concept. Too much blame is apportioned to ineffective parenting.Many of our parents’ love are not ideal and somewhat lacking. In the sixties where I grew up, economies were bad, families were large. Parents spend much of their time stressed out trying to put food on the table. Love if existent was non expressive and unfelt. Disciplines were strict and severe. But a whole generation has grown into adults; many are well adjusted individuals with adequate self concept and functioning properly. My personal opinion is that, what is past is passed; there is no point in examining too much what happened during childhood.We should instead focus on remedy and healing and what can be done. Having said that, I would agree with Wagner that love for our children must not be conditional upon his performance or behavior. As far as possible we must love our children with an unrelenting and voluntary love (p. 47). In disciplining our children, care must be taken not to do so in anger or humiliate him. We must not be overly strict but allow the child space to explore and experiment (p. 63). What Self-concept is not – False Security and Self Verification False security is caused by repression of unwanted feelings and keeping hese out of awareness, when hostility, guilt and fear is repressed, insecurities developed. When the nobody is repressed, the person proves to himself through his appearance, performance or status that he is not a nobody. This process is called self-verification and relate to three basic desires: being wanted (belonging), being good (worthiness) and being adequate (competence) (pp. 95- 96). Self verification gives temporary feelings of being somebody, but the need for this process keep recurring, therefore it is self-perpetuating.I felt that this is good insight why insecure people worked so hard to look good, and to succeed. Unfortunately self verifications do not work, as evidenced by King Solomon’s conclusion in Ecclesiastes 1:2 â€Å"Meaningless! Meaningless! . . . Utterly meaningless! Everything is meaningless† Many people climb those ladders to success, only to discover when they reach the top that they are leaning against the wrong wall! The only identity equation that works is me +GOD = ME. What is secure self-concept? Secure self-concept must be based on unconditional love which is found only in God’s love.God is the only reliable source of true love as God is love (1 John4:8). God loves us because we are somebody to Him. We have intrinsic value. He did not love us because we love Him, His love cannot be manipulated, He is someone in authority who is always honest and fair and does not hide the truth about us (p. 104). When we come to God in faith we come into a relationship with him, we are firstly justified and healed with a restored sense of being somebody, a sense of awareness as a whole person which in turn give have hope in God and incite obedience to God (pp. 10-113). However, we still need to grow in our ability to move from relatives to absolutes are as God is Holy and good (absolutes) and overcome self-verification. This means that we can accept ourselves as being bad, a nobody because God can accept us in so doing, we are free to move towards being godly, applying ourselves to do God’s will (p. 129). This is so liberating and refreshing. Wagner said that in relating to God as a Father who accepts us as we are, validates our sense of belonging. God is pleased to acknowledge us as sons (Rom 8:15-17).In relating to Jesus, our sins are forgiven, there is no more guilt and condemnations, our worthiness are validated. In r elating to the Holy Spirit, we are comforted and enabled therefore competent. These thoughts are indeed very re-affirming and reassuring. What next? In coming to faith, our self concept is settled, this allows us to love God and others as commanded in Matthew 22:37-39. We may be faced with antagonistic situations that threaten our sense of being somebody. We therefore need to grow in our Christian life through reading God’s Word, prayer and fellowship with other Christians.

PED 212: week 5 Final Project Essay

Fundamental Skill: Demonstrate locomotor skills (running, jumping, skipping, crawling, marching, and etc. ) State Standard: Georgia, The Georgia Performance Standards for Physical Education are founded on the National Physical Education Standards established by the National Association for Sport and Physical Education. (NASPE) The Standards suggest what a physically educated student must know and be able to at every grade level (K-12) There are six standards and they are â€Å"demonstrates capability in motor skills and movement patterns needed to accomplish a selection of physical activities, demonstrates understanding of movement concepts, principles, strategies, and tactics as they apply to the learning and performance of physical activities, participates regularly in physical activity, achieves and maintains a health-enhancing level of physical fitness, exhibits responsible personal and social behavior that respects self and others in physical activity settings. † Lesson Introduction. Description of the Lesson: The students would be playing follow the leader. This lesson is great for kindergarten children to learn different locomotor skills such as crawling, marching, running, jumping, and etc. This lesson has a low level of safety concerns. Student Learning Objective: The purpose of this lesson is to get children to use a selection of locomotor skills to move in different directions and routes. This lesson will also help build cooperative recreation abilities used while trailing a partner. Classroom Management: I will be placing the students in groups; there are 18 students so I will break them up into six groups of three students per group. I will give the students the chance to decide who is going to be the leader first, if they cannot decide calmly who goes first I will pick for them. After I place the students in their groups I will then explain the rules and safety precautions at this time. I will explain that everyone would get the chance to be the leader and a follower. Each child will get 60 seconds each to be the leader so that every student would get a chance to be the leader. I will explain that the leader has to move around in different directions and not to perform hard traveling patterns for their partners. For safety persecutions I will make sure that they keep their distance from other groups so that they do not bump into another group. Any student who does not follow the rules would be taken out of the activity immediately and given an alternative assignment. At the end of the lesson I will tell the students that they did a great job and explain the importance of the lesson in a way that they could understand. Equipment and Environment: The lesson will take place in a large area outside of the school free of any obstruction. There will be bright orange place markers so the children know not to wonder out of the designated areas. Lesson Procedure Introducing the Lesson: Hello class today we going to play follow the leader. First I’m going to demonstrate the roles of leader and follower. I’m also going to show you what you can and cannot do in this lesson. Safety, Rules, Protocols: The lesson follow the leader is a low risk activity. For safety measures you are not to get two huge steps for each other. The only things you can do to insure no one gets hurt are crawl, walk, run, jump, march, and go in different directions. Also keep your distance from other groups so that you do not bump into one another. you are not allowed to go outside the areas that are marked with bright orange place markers. Any student who does not follow the rules will sit in time out, if that does not work you will be giving an alternative assignment, and the last if you continue to misbehave I will then take you down to the principle office. Teaching/Assessing: I will be walking around to monitor and assist each group and making sure that each group of students are performing each part of the lesson. If I see that a student is having a hard time performing one of the locomotor skills in this lesson I will work with them until the student has mastered the skill that they were having trouble with, Home Connection: Dear Parents, It is an honor to be able to able to work with your children. The purpose of this email is to provide you with an activity that you could do at home to help your child practice the locomotor skill running that they learned in class. Your child could chase the dog around in the yard that will help them grasp the locomotor skill running. If you have questions feel free to email me or stop by the classroom. Mrs. Williams Lesson Accommodations: Accommodations for Children with Disabilities: Children who are in a wheelchair can roll themselves, or can have a partner push them through the pathways. Children who have some movement limitations can still participate in this lesson but their partner will have to move slowly. In the Event of Change in Venue: In case there we have find another place to do our lesson because of another class using the space. I will find empty classroom that is big enough for me to be able to teach this a lesson and for my students to be able to participate. Accommodating a few Students from First Grade: To accommodate some student’s from first grade into my lesson I will put them into a group and switch them out with my kindergarteners who already finished the lesson. After the Lesson Review: At the end of the lesson I will have the students clean up after the lesson. I will then go over with students what the purpose of today’s lesson. I will ask them questions about what they learned and enjoyed about this lesson. I will then ask for a few volunteers to demonstrate some of the skills that was in today’s lesson. REFERENCES Georgia Department of Education . (2014, January 13). Retrieved from GEORGIA PERFORMANCE STANDARDS for PHYSICAL EDUCATION: https://www. georgiastandards. org/standards/GPS%20Support%20Docs/Physical_Education_Standards_4-30-09. pdf Pre-school PE Lesson Ideas. (2014, January ).

Jamaican Culture Essay

Probably one of the most lively and rich cultures of the world is of the Jamaican culture. It is perhaps due to its exotic surroundings and the various regions of its origin. Today in Jamaica, there are obvious influences of African, English, Spanish, and Indian. Being only the third biggest island in the Caribbean its impact is huge on the rest of the world. The official language of Jamaica is English. However, most civilians in Jamaica speak patois. Think of it as an extremely slurred accented speech of English with hints of African, Portuguese, and Spanish appearing here and there. Most of the time just knowing English will help you understand what people basically are saying. The religions in Jamaica are wide and varied. However, statistics show that over half (61.3%) of all Jamaicans are Protestant. There is also a good deal of participation in spiritual cults of not-really-defined religion (almost 35%). Religion is highly held in Jamaica and can affect from what people where to what they eat. Sometimes cults in Jamaica resort to violence against other cults. The education system in Jamaica has four basic levels: early childhood, primary, secondary, and tertiary. Presently, 703,600 of Jamaica’s estimated 2,650,000 people are enrolled in the education system. About 80% of all teachers are professionally trained. Jamaica currently holds an 85% literacy rate for total population (81% for men alone and 89% for women alone). Currently in Jamaica, only 3% of the enrolled education students are enrolled for college level education, 32% for junior high and high school level, 45% for elementary level, and 20% for ages 3-5 yrs. The majority of the people in Jamaica usually live in or near the cities in low-income housing. However, some still live rurally for agricultural purposes. There are many holidays and festive occasions in Jamaica. Jamaica’s national holiday is its Independence Day on the first Monday every august. Most of  Jamaican culture is expressed through stories, songs, and dances of important figures. Here are just a few examples of Jamaican culture. One old custom now only practiced in rural areas is that of taking the baby’s naval string cord after they are born, waiting 3 days, and burying it in the ground and planting a tree on top of the cord. Another belief is that of a mother cannot get wet the first few days after birth otherwise she will get sick and die. In Jamaica, lavish funerals are required to give respect to the dead for they will rise on the third night after their death. There are also certain characters of folklore. One is Anancy. He is the spider man known for his trickery. There is also the children’s character of Big Bwoy. In Jamaica there is also many festivals. The Gran’ Market is a pre-Christmas celebration. Obeah is a general term for black magic. Kumina is a popular ritual practiced only by certain sects for religion. Dinky-Mini is a dance and song used to help cheer up the family of a dead person. Hosay is a festival particular to Muslim/Indian sects. Most people in Jamaica have somewhat balanced diets and eat depending on religion and season. A typical breakfast is the country’s fruit, the ackee. Lunch is usually light meat or vegetables while dinner consists of goat, pork, seafood, rice, and beans. Skyjuice, coconut juice, and tea are popular drinks. Skyjuice is the American equivalent of a slushy. On average families have about two children in cities but having many more in rural areas, especially on farms. The parents usually work while the children are off attending school. In Jamaica, almost every festival has its own unique dressing design. The most popular and renowned is that of the simple plaid cotton design of Bandana. Women’s dresses are of three tiers (big ruffles) and they are known to be adorned in beads and braid their hair intricately.